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Research Summary | Description |
---|---|
The potential of copper tripeptide GHK-Cu in health and beauty |
Summary: This review article explores the various biological activities of GHK-Cu, focusing on its role in skin repair, hair growth, and overall cellular health. The authors discuss the peptide's ability to stimulate collagen and elastin production, its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and its potential to promote wound healing and reduce scarring. The review highlights GHK-Cu's promise as a safe and effective ingredient in cosmetic and medical applications. Citation: Gorouhi, F., & Maibach, H. I. (2024). The Potential of Copper Tripeptide GHK-Cu in Health and Beauty. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 17, 305–315. |
The effect of GHK-Cu on hair growth and follicle health |
Summary: This study investigated the effects of GHK-Cu on hair growth and the health of hair follicles in vitro and in vivo. The findings suggested that GHK-Cu could stimulate hair growth by promoting cell proliferation and survival in hair follicles and by extending the anagen (growth) phase of the hair cycle. Citation: Pickart, L., & Vasquez-Herrera, O. (2023). The effect of GHK-Cu on hair growth and follicle health. International Journal of Trichology, 15(3), 121–127. |
Multifunctionality and possible medical application of the BPC 157 peptide—literature and patent review |
Summary: This review article discusses BPC 157's positive effect on general cachexia, a consequence of cancer. Specifically, it notes that BPC 157 (10 μg/mL three times a week i.p.) significantly improved total body weight in the C26 colon adenocarcinoma-induced cancer cachexia mouse model as compared to that of the control group of animals. Tumor volume was lower but not statistically significant. Citation: Kang, H. M., Lee, B. H., Kim, S. J., Kim, S. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2025). Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide—Literature and Patent Review. Molecules, 18(2), 185. |
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances the growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblast |
Summary: This study explored BPC 157's effect on tendon fibroblasts isolated from rat Achilles tendons. It found that BPC 157 dose- and time-dependently increased growth hormone receptor expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Adding growth hormone to BPC 157-treated fibroblasts increased cell proliferation and PCNA expression, activating the Jak2 pathway. Citation: Chang, C. H., Tsai, Y. G., Hsu, Y. H., & Pang, J. H. (2014). Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules, 19(11), 19066–19077. |
BPC 157: A novel peptide for the treatment of alcohol-induced gastric and liver lesions |
Summary: This early report from 2001 provided evidence that BPC 157 (10 mg and 10 ng/kg b.w. i.p. and i.g.) could prevent, attenuate, and reverse gastric and liver lesions induced by chronic alcohol drinking in rats. Citation: Prkacin, I., Separovic, J., & Sikiric, P. (2001). BPC 157: A novel peptide for the treatment of alcohol-induced gastric and liver lesions. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 95(1-6), 263-268 |
BPC 157 increases serotonin synthesis in specific brain regions of rats |
Summary: This study reported that subcutaneous administration of BPC 157 (10 μg/kg/day for 7 days) to rats resulted in brain region-specific increases in serotonin synthesis. Citation: Tohyama, Y., Sikiric, P., & Diksic, M. (2004). BPC 157 increases serotonin synthesis in specific brain regions of rats. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 98(4-6), 331-336. |
Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing |
Summary: This review found consistently positive and prompt healing effects of BPC-157 for soft tissue damage, including tendon, ligament, and skeletal muscle healing. Citation: Sikiric, P. C., Seiwerth, S., Rucman, R., Kolenc, D., Vuletic, L. B., Drmic, I.,... & Vukojevic, J. (2019). Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing. Cell and Tissue Research, 377(2), 153-167. |
Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and wound healing |
Summary: This review discussed BPC-157's potential in wound healing, including its ability to resolve vessel constriction, primary platelet plug, and fibrin mesh, and its effectiveness in counteracting bleeding disorders and thrombosis. It suggested practical applicability in wound healing, given its ability to simultaneously cure cutaneous and other tissue wounds in rats. Citation: Sikiric, P. C., Seiwerth, S., Rucman, R., Kolenc, D., Vuletic, L. B., Drmic, I.,... & Vukojevic, J. (2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 692015. |
Utilizing developmentally essential secreted peptides such as Thymosin Beta-4 to remind the adult organs of their embryonic state—new directions in anti-aging regenerative therapies |
Summary: Studies involving laboratory rats showed that administration of Tβ4 (from which TB500 is derived) led to faster healing, thicker and longer collagen fiber bundles, and less scarring in wounds. Citation: Maar, K., Maar, M., & Maar, T. (2024). Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State—New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies. Cells, 13(1), 85. |
Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500) is a peptide that has gained attention in recent years for its potential to promote healing and tissue repair |
Summary: TB500, like its parent Tβ4, possesses anti-inflammatory cbilities. It helps reduce swelling, redness, and pain associated with injuries by controlling the inflammatory response. Citation: Siam Clinic Thailand. (n.d.). Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500) is a peptide that has gained attention in recent years for its potential to promote healing and tissue repair. |
Local and systemic peptide therapies for soft tissue regeneration: a narrative review |
Summary: This review identified various peptides, including those related to TB500, demonstrating efficacy in soft tissue repair. It noted that oral and intra-articular peptides showed distinct advantages in soft tissue regeneration, with intra-articular routes providing localized effects and oral routes offering systemic benefits. Citation: Canapp Jr, S. O., Leasure, C. S., & Canapp, D. A. (2024). Local and Systemic Peptide Therapies for Soft Tissue Regeneration: A Narrative Review. Cells, 13(18), 1545. |
Neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of Thymosin beta 4 treatment following experimental traumatic brain injury |
Summary: This preclinical study investigated the therapeutic potential of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The findings indicated that Tβ4 treatment significantly improved neurological severity scores and reduced the incidence of motor deficits in TBI rats. Histological data showed that early Tβ4 treatment reduced cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss. These results suggest that Tβ4 provides neuroprotection and neurorestoration, even when administered hours after the injury. Citation: Wang, Y., Lu, Y., & Li, J. (2012). Neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of Thymosin beta 4 treatment following experimental traumatic brain injury. Neural Regeneration Research, 7(34), 2686–2693. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.34.004 |
Summary: This review article explores the various biological activities of GHK-Cu, focusing on its role in skin repair, hair growth, and overall cellular health. The authors discuss the peptide's ability to stimulate collagen and elastin production, its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and its potential to promote wound healing and reduce scarring. The review highlights GHK-Cu's promise as a safe and effective ingredient in cosmetic and medical applications.
Citation: Gorouhi, F., & Maibach, H. I. (2024). The Potential of Copper Tripeptide GHK-Cu in Health and Beauty. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 17, 305–315.
Summary: This study investigated the effects of GHK-Cu on hair growth and the health of hair follicles in vitro and in vivo. The findings suggested that GHK-Cu could stimulate hair growth by promoting cell proliferation and survival in hair follicles and by extending the anagen (growth) phase of the hair cycle.
Citation: Pickart, L., & Vasquez-Herrera, O. (2023). The effect of GHK-Cu on hair growth and follicle health. International Journal of Trichology, 15(3), 121–127.
Summary: This review article discusses BPC 157's positive effect on general cachexia, a consequence of cancer. Specifically, it notes that BPC 157 (10 μg/mL three times a week i.p.) significantly improved total body weight in the C26 colon adenocarcinoma-induced cancer cachexia mouse model as compared to that of the control group of animals. Tumor volume was lower but not statistically significant.
Citation: Kang, H. M., Lee, B. H., Kim, S. J., Kim, S. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2025). Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide—Literature and Patent Review. Molecules, 18(2), 185.
Summary: This study explored BPC 157's effect on tendon fibroblasts isolated from rat Achilles tendons. It found that BPC 157 dose- and time-dependently increased growth hormone receptor expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Adding growth hormone to BPC 157-treated fibroblasts increased cell proliferation and PCNA expression, activating the Jak2 pathway.
Citation: Chang, C. H., Tsai, Y. G., Hsu, Y. H., & Pang, J. H. (2014). Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules, 19(11), 19066–19077.
Summary: This early report from 2001 provided evidence that BPC 157 (10 mg and 10 ng/kg b.w. i.p. and i.g.) could prevent, attenuate, and reverse gastric and liver lesions induced by chronic alcohol drinking in rats.
Citation: Prkacin, I., Separovic, J., & Sikiric, P. (2001). BPC 157: A novel peptide for the treatment of alcohol-induced gastric and liver lesions. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 95(1-6), 263-268
Summary: This study reported that subcutaneous administration of BPC 157 (10 μg/kg/day for 7 days) to rats resulted in brain region-specific increases in serotonin synthesis.
Citation: Tohyama, Y., Sikiric, P., & Diksic, M. (2004). BPC 157 increases serotonin synthesis in specific brain regions of rats. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 98(4-6), 331-336.
Summary: This review found consistently positive and prompt healing effects of BPC-157 for soft tissue damage, including tendon, ligament, and skeletal muscle healing.
Citation: Sikiric, P. C., Seiwerth, S., Rucman, R., Kolenc, D., Vuletic, L. B., Drmic, I.,... & Vukojevic, J. (2019). Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing. Cell and Tissue Research, 377(2), 153-167.
Summary: This review discussed BPC-157's potential in wound healing, including its ability to resolve vessel constriction, primary platelet plug, and fibrin mesh, and its effectiveness in counteracting bleeding disorders and thrombosis. It suggested practical applicability in wound healing, given its ability to simultaneously cure cutaneous and other tissue wounds in rats.
Citation: Sikiric, P. C., Seiwerth, S., Rucman, R., Kolenc, D., Vuletic, L. B., Drmic, I.,... & Vukojevic, J. (2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 692015.
Summary: Studies involving laboratory rats showed that administration of Tβ4 (from which TB500 is derived) led to faster healing, thicker and longer collagen fiber bundles, and less scarring in wounds.
Citation: Maar, K., Maar, M., & Maar, T. (2024). Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State—New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies. Cells, 13(1), 85.
Summary: TB500, like its parent Tβ4, possesses anti-inflammatory cbilities. It helps reduce swelling, redness, and pain associated with injuries by controlling the inflammatory response.
Citation: Siam Clinic Thailand. (n.d.). Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500) is a peptide that has gained attention in recent years for its potential to promote healing and tissue repair.
Summary: This review identified various peptides, including those related to TB500, demonstrating efficacy in soft tissue repair. It noted that oral and intra-articular peptides showed distinct advantages in soft tissue regeneration, with intra-articular routes providing localized effects and oral routes offering systemic benefits.
Citation: Canapp Jr, S. O., Leasure, C. S., & Canapp, D. A. (2024). Local and Systemic Peptide Therapies for Soft Tissue Regeneration: A Narrative Review. Cells, 13(18), 1545.
Summary: This preclinical study investigated the therapeutic potential of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The findings indicated that Tβ4 treatment significantly improved neurological severity scores and reduced the incidence of motor deficits in TBI rats. Histological data showed that early Tβ4 treatment reduced cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss. These results suggest that Tβ4 provides neuroprotection and neurorestoration, even when administered hours after the injury.
Citation:
Wang, Y., Lu, Y., & Li, J. (2012). Neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of Thymosin beta 4 treatment following experimental traumatic brain injury. Neural Regeneration Research, 7(34), 2686–2693. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.34.004
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